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The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: Kurtuluş Savaşı or Istiklal Harbi) refers to the political and military events following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire along with the Central Powers in World War I and subsequent Allied occupation of most of its territory; and the resistance to Allied terms by the Turkish National Movement centered in Anatolia, ultimately leading to the foundation of today's Republic of Turkey. Following the Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), the occupation of Istanbul (13 November 1918) placed the Ottoman government in Istanbul under control of Allied occupation forces led by the British. The eastern and southern parts of the Empire's core in Anatolia were occupied. Greek forces captured Izmir (21 May 1919) and occupied western Anatolia. The deceleration of Paris Peace Conference (21 January 1920) was followed by the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920) which ceded all of the Empire's Balkan and Arab provinces to the Allies. Prompted by the incapacity of the Istanbul government, the efforts of a nationalist resistance movement in central Anatolia culminated in the formation of a new National Assembly in Ankara, acting independent of the Ottoman government. The nation successfully mobilized its resources under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, driving out the Greek, British, French and Italian occupation forces and effectively invalidating the Treaty of Sèvres. This result was internationally recognized through the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, leaving Anatolia and Eastern Thrace to form their own state. This was concluded by the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, with Ankara as its capital. On the political front, it instituted relationships and ideas among the Turkish revolutionaries that led to the end of the millet system, and the Ottoman Empire. This was followed by Atatürk's Reforms in political, legal, cultural, social and economic fronts, defining the newly founded Turkish Republic as a modern, secular nation-state.
Information Panel - The Turkish War of Independence
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